Where to go in November? Quieter places in Europe and Japan

TL;DR

Of the 35 European countries we cover, November carried the smallest share of the year's 2025 tourist nights in Croatia (1.0%), Greece (1.5%) and Montenegro (2.2%). It was the quietest month of the year in seven of them. In Japan, it was the quietest in none of 47 prefectures. It was the busiest month in two Japanese prefectures.

How we picked the quieter places

For each country and prefecture, we took its 2025 nights at tourist accommodation and worked out what share fell in November. If a place's visitors were spread evenly, each month would carry 8.3% of its year. A share below that means November was quieter than that place's average month; above it, busier.12

This compares each place with itself, not places with each other: a low share is a quiet month for that place. For how each year looks in full, open the country or prefecture page.

Europe in November: all 35 countries, quietest share first

In 35 of the 35 countries, November carried less than an average month's share (8.3%) of 2025's tourist nights.1

European countries by share of 2025 tourist nights in November
CountryShare of 2025 nights in NovemberCompared with an average monthBusiest monthQuietest month
Croatia
1.0%
BelowAugustJanuary
Greece
1.5%
BelowAugustJanuary
Montenegro
2.2%
BelowAugustJanuary
Bulgaria
3.6%
BelowAugustNovember
Italy
3.7%
BelowAugustNovember
France
3.9%
BelowAugustNovember
Austria
4.0%
BelowAugustNovember
Slovenia
4.1%
BelowAugustNovember
Albania
4.2%
BelowAugustFebruary
Switzerland
4.2%
BelowJulyNovember
Cyprus
4.9%
BelowAugustJanuary
Iceland
4.9%
BelowJulyDecember
Luxembourg
5.1%
BelowJulyJanuary
Denmark
5.3%
BelowJulyJanuary
Liechtenstein
5.3%
BelowAugustNovember
Netherlands
5.3%
BelowAugustFebruary
Spain
5.3%
BelowAugustJanuary
Norway
5.5%
BelowJulyJanuary
Sweden
5.5%
BelowJulyJanuary
Latvia
6.0%
BelowJulyFebruary
Portugal
6.0%
BelowAugustJanuary
Türkiye
6.1%
BelowAugustFebruary
Belgium
6.2%
BelowJulyJanuary
Czechia
6.2%
BelowAugustJanuary
Germany
6.2%
BelowAugustJanuary
Ireland
6.2%
BelowAugustJanuary
Romania
6.2%
BelowAugustMarch
Finland
6.7%
BelowJulyApril
Hungary
6.7%
BelowAugustJanuary
Poland
6.7%
BelowAugustJanuary
Serbia
6.7%
BelowAugustFebruary
Slovakia
6.8%
BelowAugustMarch
Estonia
6.9%
BelowJulyJanuary
Lithuania
7.1%
BelowJulyJanuary
Malta
7.4%
BelowAugustJanuary

Where was November the quietest month of the year?

In 2025, November was the quietest month in seven European countries, and in none of our 47 prefectures.12

  • Bulgaria (Europe): 3.6% of the year's nights
  • France (Europe): 3.9% of the year's nights
  • Slovenia (Europe): 4.1% of the year's nights
  • Italy (Europe): 3.7% of the year's nights
  • Liechtenstein (Europe): 5.3% of the year's nights
  • Switzerland (Europe): 4.2% of the year's nights
  • Austria (Europe): 4.0% of the year's nights

Where was November the busiest month?

In 2025, November was the busiest month in two Japanese prefectures, and in none of our 35 European countries.12

  • Ishikawa (Japan): 10.4% of the year's nights
  • Kagoshima (Japan): 9.8% of the year's nights

Japan in November: every prefecture

Japan's figures come from a sample survey, and the gaps between prefectures are often smaller than its sampling error, so we list the prefectures alphabetically rather than ranking them.3

Show all 47 prefectures' share of 2025 guest nights in November
Japanese prefectures, share of 2025 guest nights in November
PrefectureShare in NovemberBusiest monthQuietest month
Aichi8.9%AugustFebruary
Akita8.7%AugustFebruary
Aomori8.7%AugustJanuary
Chiba8.5%AugustJune
Ehime9.6%AugustJune
Fukui10.3%AugustJanuary
Fukuoka9.0%OctoberJanuary
Fukushima8.9%AugustJanuary
Gifu8.6%AugustJune
Gunma8.6%AugustApril
Hiroshima9.7%AugustJanuary
Hokkaido6.7%AugustApril
Hyogo9.2%AugustFebruary
Ibaraki8.9%AugustJanuary
Ishikawa10.4%NovemberJanuary
Iwate8.0%AugustDecember
Kagawa9.5%AugustFebruary
Kagoshima9.8%NovemberJune
Kanagawa9.4%AugustFebruary
Kochi9.3%AugustJanuary
Kumamoto9.8%OctoberJune
Kyoto8.9%MayFebruary
Mie10.0%AugustFebruary
Miyagi9.2%AugustJanuary
Miyazaki9.5%AugustJune
Nagano7.3%AugustApril
Nagasaki10.1%AugustJanuary
Nara9.1%MayJanuary
Niigata8.0%AugustApril
Oita9.3%MarchJune
Okayama9.2%AugustJanuary
Okinawa7.9%AugustJanuary
Osaka8.1%AugustFebruary
Saga9.2%AugustFebruary
Saitama9.1%AugustFebruary
Shiga9.2%AugustFebruary
Shimane9.8%AugustFebruary
Shizuoka9.1%AugustJune
Tochigi9.5%AugustFebruary
Tokushima9.1%AugustJanuary
Tokyo8.5%DecemberFebruary
Tottori9.8%AugustFebruary
Toyama9.0%AugustJanuary
Wakayama9.2%AugustFebruary
Yamagata8.4%AugustApril
Yamaguchi9.5%AugustJanuary
Yamanashi7.6%AugustFebruary

What is the weather like in November?

Of the 28 European capitals we have weather for, Nicosia has the highest average high in November (22.7 °C) and Tallinn the lowest (4.1 °C), averaged over 1991–2020.4 We do not yet publish weather for Albania, Greece, Denmark, Portugal, Switzerland, Lithuania and Malta.

Average weather in November at one station per European country, 1991 to 2020, warmest first
Station city (country)Average highAverage lowRainRainy days
Nicosia (Cyprus)22.7 °C10.8 °C39 mm13.0 days
Rome (Italy)16.9 °C8.5 °C108 mm8.8 days
Podgorica (Montenegro)16.5 °C7.4 °C260 mm10.9 days
Madrid (Spain)13.7 °C6.4 °C52 mm6.7 days
Ankara (Türkiye)13.0 °C2.7 °C32 mm5.2 days
Belgrade (Serbia)12.2 °C5.1 °C50 mm7.0 days
Paris (France)11.1 °C6.2 °C54 mm10.4 days
Zagreb (Croatia)10.7 °C3.4 °C87 mm8.8 days
Sofia (Bulgaria)10.7 °C1.9 °C38 mm6.0 days
Budapest (Hungary)10.6 °C4.3 °C46 mm7.1 days
Bucharest (Romania)10.5 °C1.4 °C44 mm5.4 days
Dublin (Ireland)10.3 °C4.3 °C83 mm12.5 days
Amsterdam (Netherlands)10.0 °C4.5 °C85 mm13.4 days
Brussels (Belgium)9.9 °C4.6 °C76 mm12.4 days
Ljubljana (Slovenia)9.6 °C3.9 °C138 mm10.1 days
Vaduz (Liechtenstein)9.5 °C2.2 °C62 mm8.9 days
Vienna (Austria)8.8 °C3.7 °C46 mm7.6 days
Bratislava (Slovakia)8.1 °C2.8 °C57 mm8.7 days
Berlin (Germany)7.8 °C2.3 °C42 mm15.0 days
Luxembourg (Luxembourg)7.7 °C2.8 °C72 mm12.2 days
Prague (Czechia)7.4 °C2.0 °C30 mm7.1 days
Warsaw (Poland)6.5 °C1.3 °C36 mm8.1 days
Stockholm (Sweden)5.4 °C1.9 °C48 mm10.7 days
Riga (Latvia)4.8 °C1.1 °C56 mm11.0 days
Reykjavik (Iceland)4.7 °C−0.1 °C86 mm13.7 days
Oslo (Norway)4.4 °C0.0 °C85 mm11.0 days
Helsinki (Finland)4.4 °C0.4 °C69 mm11.5 days
Tallinn (Estonia)4.1 °C−0.2 °C66 mm12.3 days
Show November weather for all 47 Japanese prefectures
Average weather in November at one station per Japanese prefecture, 1991 to 2020, warmest first
Prefecture (station)Average highAverage lowRainRainy days
Okinawa (Naha (那覇))25.0 °C20.4 °C119 mm8.2 days
Kagoshima (Kagoshima (鹿児島))20.6 °C12.2 °C102 mm8.1 days
Miyazaki (Miyazaki (宮崎))19.8 °C10.1 °C106 mm7.3 days
Kochi (Kochi (高知))19.6 °C9.7 °C130 mm6.6 days
Shizuoka (Shizuoka (静岡))18.8 °C9.9 °C134 mm6.8 days
Kumamoto (Kumamoto (熊本))18.8 °C8.8 °C84 mm7.3 days
Nagasaki (Nagasaki (長崎))18.5 °C11.0 °C101 mm8.2 days
Saga (Saga (佐賀))18.2 °C8.9 °C89 mm7.4 days
Fukuoka (Fukuoka (福岡))18.2 °C10.6 °C91 mm8.5 days
Oita (Oita (大分))18.1 °C9.5 °C73 mm5.8 days
Ehime (Matsuyama (松山))18.1 °C9.6 °C71 mm6.8 days
Wakayama (Wakayama (和歌山))17.9 °C9.9 °C96 mm6.5 days
Osaka (Osaka (大阪))17.8 °C10.2 °C72 mm6.2 days
Tokushima (Tokushima (徳島))17.7 °C10.1 °C89 mm6.5 days
Hiroshima (Hiroshima (広島))17.7 °C8.9 °C69 mm6.1 days
Yamaguchi (Yamaguchi (山口))17.6 °C7.0 °C84 mm7.7 days
Kagawa (Takamatsu (高松))17.5 °C9.1 °C55 mm6.5 days
Gifu (Gifu (岐阜))17.5 °C8.1 °C87 mm6.8 days
Hyogo (Kobe (神戸))17.5 °C10.9 °C62 mm5.6 days
Chiba (Chiba (千葉))17.3 °C9.9 °C94 mm7.9 days
Kyoto (Kyoto (京都))17.3 °C8.4 °C74 mm6.3 days
Aichi (Nagoya (名古屋))17.3 °C8.6 °C79 mm6.1 days
Mie (Tsu (津))17.1 °C9.5 °C76 mm5.9 days
Nara (Nara (奈良))17.1 °C7.3 °C71 mm7.0 days
Okayama (Okayama (岡山))17.1 °C6.8 °C53 mm5.5 days
Kanagawa (Yokohama (横浜))17.1 °C10.1 °C108 mm7.7 days
Tottori (Tottori (鳥取))16.8 °C7.7 °C146 mm13.3 days
Yamanashi (Kofu (甲府))16.7 °C5.9 °C53 mm5.2 days
Tokyo (Tokyo (東京))16.7 °C8.8 °C96 mm7.4 days
Shimane (Matsue (松江))16.5 °C8.0 °C122 mm12.8 days
Saitama (Saitama (さいたま))16.5 °C6.8 °C71 mm6.7 days
Gunma (Maebashi (前橋))16.4 °C6.9 °C43 mm5.3 days
Ibaraki (Mito (水戸))16.3 °C5.9 °C80 mm6.8 days
Shiga (Otsu (大津))16.1 °C7.3 °C79 mm7.0 days
Fukui (Fukui (福井))16.0 °C7.3 °C196 mm15.7 days
Tochigi (Utsunomiya (宇都宮))15.9 °C5.7 °C71 mm6.2 days
Ishikawa (Kanazawa (金沢))15.9 °C8.1 °C251 mm17.0 days
Toyama (Toyama (富山))15.7 °C7.3 °C225 mm16.8 days
Fukushima (Fukushima (福島))14.5 °C5.2 °C58 mm6.1 days
Niigata (Niigata (新潟))14.3 °C6.9 °C204 mm17.7 days
Miyagi (Sendai (仙台))14.1 °C5.6 °C59 mm5.7 days
Nagano (Nagano (長野))13.4 °C3.4 °C44 mm6.8 days
Yamagata (Yamagata (山形))12.6 °C3.6 °C74 mm11.4 days
Akita (Akita (秋田))12.2 °C4.5 °C189 mm17.9 days
Aomori (Aomori (青森))11.2 °C3.4 °C137 mm16.7 days
Iwate (Morioka (盛岡))10.9 °C1.8 °C86 mm11.6 days
Hokkaido (Sapporo (札幌))8.7 °C1.6 °C114 mm14.6 days

Thirty-year averages from one weather station per country or prefecture: the same station its page uses. They describe a typical year at that station, not a forecast, and weather varies within every country. A rainy day is one with at least 1 mm of rain.

How warm is the sea in November?

Average sea surface temperature in November, 1991–2020, at the open-sea point nearest each weather station, where there is one within 30 km: 8 European capitals and 29 Japanese prefectures. It is open sea, not a beach reading.9 Every month, and how we chose the points.

Average sea surface temperature in November near European capitals, 1991 to 2020, warmest first
Station city (country)Sea, November
Nicosia (Cyprus)22.0 °C
Rome (Italy)18.8 °C
Dublin (Ireland)12.1 °C
Amsterdam (Netherlands)11.3 °C
Riga (Latvia)7.6 °C
Tallinn (Estonia)7.3 °C
Helsinki (Finland)7.0 °C
Reykjavik (Iceland)6.8 °C
Show November sea temperatures for 29 Japanese prefectures
Average sea surface temperature in November near Japanese prefecture stations, 1991 to 2020, warmest first
Station city (prefecture)Sea, November
Naha (Okinawa)25.4 °C
Miyazaki (Miyazaki)23.5 °C
Kagoshima (Kagoshima)22.8 °C
Kochi (Kochi)22.7 °C
Nagasaki (Nagasaki)21.4 °C
Shizuoka (Shizuoka)20.9 °C
Wakayama (Wakayama)20.7 °C
Fukuoka (Fukuoka)20.4 °C
Oita (Oita)20.4 °C
Tokushima (Tokushima)20.3 °C
Matsuyama (Ehime)20.2 °C
Kumamoto (Kumamoto)19.7 °C
Matsue (Shimane)19.7 °C
Kobe (Hyogo)19.6 °C
Tsu (Mie)19.6 °C
Saga (Saga)19.6 °C
Yokohama (Kanagawa)19.5 °C
Osaka (Osaka)19.5 °C
Tottori (Tottori)19.2 °C
Fukui (Fukui)19.0 °C
Chiba (Chiba)18.9 °C
Tokyo (Tokyo)18.9 °C
Mito (Ibaraki)18.8 °C
Kanazawa (Ishikawa)18.8 °C
Toyama (Toyama)18.7 °C
Niigata (Niigata)18.2 °C
Akita (Akita)17.4 °C
Sendai (Miyagi)16.5 °C
Aomori (Aomori)15.2 °C

Which public holidays fall in November 2026 and 2027?

These are the national holiday lists we publish for 33 European countries and Japan, copied from each country's page. Regional holidays, such as those of Germany's states or Spain's regions, are on the country pages. Spain's 2027 list and some 2027 dates elsewhere are not published yet. What each list covers differs; see the notes for each country.56

November 2026

Public holidays in November 2026
DateHolidayWhere
Sun 1 November1 NovemberHungary, Portugal
Sun 1 NovemberAll Saints' DayAustria, Belgium, Croatia, France, Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Poland, Slovakia
Sun 1 NovemberNational Awakeners' DayBulgaria
Sun 1 NovemberRemembrance DaySlovenia
Mon 2 NovemberAll Souls' DayLithuania
Tue 3 NovemberCulture DayJapan
Wed 11 November11 NovemberFrance
Wed 11 NovemberArmistice DayBelgium
Wed 11 NovemberArmistice Day (First World War)Serbia
Wed 11 NovemberIndependence DayPoland
Fri 13 NovemberNjegoš Day, Montenegrin day of cultureMontenegro
Tue 17 NovemberStruggle for Freedom and Democracy DayCzechia
Wed 18 NovemberProclamation DayLatvia
Wed 18 NovemberRemembrance DayCroatia
Sun 22 NovemberAlphabet DayAlbania
Mon 23 NovemberLabor Thanksgiving DayJapan
Sat 28 NovemberFlag and Independence DayAlbania
Sun 29 NovemberLiberation DayAlbania
Mon 30 NovemberSt Andrew's DayRomania

November 2027

Public holidays in November 2027
DateHolidayWhere
Mon 1 November1 NovemberHungary, Portugal
Mon 1 NovemberAll Saints' DayAustria, Belgium, Croatia, France, Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Poland, Slovakia
Mon 1 NovemberNational Awakeners' DayBulgaria
Mon 1 NovemberRemembrance DaySlovenia
Tue 2 NovemberAll Souls' DayLithuania
Wed 3 NovemberCulture DayJapan
Sat 6 NovemberAll Saints' DayFinland, Sweden
Thu 11 November11 NovemberFrance
Thu 11 NovemberArmistice DayBelgium
Thu 11 NovemberArmistice Day (First World War)Serbia
Thu 11 NovemberIndependence DayPoland
Sat 13 NovemberNjegoš Day, Montenegrin day of cultureMontenegro
Wed 17 NovemberStruggle for Freedom and Democracy DayCzechia
Thu 18 NovemberProclamation DayLatvia
Thu 18 NovemberRemembrance DayCroatia
Tue 23 NovemberLabor Thanksgiving DayJapan
Tue 30 NovemberSt Andrew's DayRomania

See every month in the holiday calendar, with school holidays too.

Blossom, autumn leaves and typhoons in Japan in November

Maple leaves usually turn red in November at the stations for 28 prefectures: Akita (around 12 November), Nagano (around 12 November), Aomori (around 13 November), Iwate (around 13 November), Niigata (around 15 November), Fukushima (around 17 November), Ibaraki (around 20 November), Tochigi (around 20 November), Miyagi (around 21 November), Nara (around 21 November), Hiroshima (around 22 November), Kagawa (around 23 November), Ishikawa (around 24 November), Shimane (around 24 November), Toyama (around 24 November), Mie (around 25 November), Yamagata (around 25 November), Gifu (around 26 November), Aichi (around 28 November), Fukui (around 28 November), Oita (around 28 November), Shiga (around 28 November), Tokushima (around 28 November), Tokyo (around 28 November), Okayama (around 29 November), Yamanashi (around 29 November), Saga (around 30 November) and Tottori (around 30 November).7

Over 1991–2020, an average of 0.5 typhoons came within 300 km of a JMA weather station somewhere in Japan in November.8 Typhoons by region and month.

These are the Japan Meteorological Agency's 1991–2020 averages at one station per prefecture; each year's dates differ. See cherry blossom dates and autumn leaf dates for every prefecture.

What these figures cannot tell you

  • A share of each place's own year, not a crowd count. A low share means that month was quiet for that place. It does not mean the place had fewer visitors than somewhere else, and a small country's busy month can still be far quieter than a big country's quiet one.
  • Nights, not queues. A national or prefecture total cannot show crowding at one sight, beach or old town. Day trips do not count at all, because nobody stays the night.
  • One year. These are 2025 figures. Another year can differ, for example when Easter moves between March and April.
  • Japan's figures are a sample survey. The gaps between neighbouring prefectures are often smaller than the survey's sampling error, so we do not rank prefectures against each other.
  • No causes. Weather and holidays sit next to the tourism figures here, but the figures do not show that either makes a month busier or quieter, so we do not say they do.
  • We have not been to these places and make no judgement about which is better to visit.

Other months: January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · December. Or open November in Explore.

Key takeaways

  • Lowest share of 2025 tourist nights in November, in Europe: Croatia (1.0%), Greece (1.5%) and Montenegro (2.2%).
  • November was the quietest month of the year in seven of our 82 places.
  • November was the busiest month in two of them.
  • What we would skip: reading a low share as a promise of empty streets. It says November was quiet for that country or prefecture as a whole, not at any one sight.

Sources

The tourism figures come from Eurostat and the Japan Tourism Agency; the weather from the World Meteorological Organization's normals (via NOAA), MeteoSwiss and the Japan Meteorological Agency; blossom and typhoon averages from the Japan Meteorological Agency; and holidays from each country's law or official list. We copied every figure from the country and prefecture pages linked here. See how we research.

  1. Source: Eurostat, Nights spent at tourist accommodation establishments – monthly data, doi:10.2908/TOUR_OCC_NIM, accessed 25 September 2026. Dataset last updated by Eurostat on 22 September 2026. Extract: number of nights, NACE codes I55.1–I55.3, all guests and split by guests resident in the country and abroad, January–December 2025.
  2. Source: 「宿泊旅行統計調査」(観光庁) (Overnight Travel Statistics Survey, Japan Tourism Agency), 2025 annual figures (final), tables 2 and 8 and reference table 1, published 6 July 2026. Survey page · workbook. Accessed 17 September 2026. Licensed under the Public Data License 1.0 (PDL1.0).
  3. Japan Tourism Agency, survey outline (調査の概要), glossary (用語の解説) and standard error rates (参考1), on coverage, sampling, the definition of a foreign guest and the January 2026 change of method. Read them. Checked 17 September 2026.
  4. Weather: WMO Member Nations (2023). WMO Climatological Standard Normals for 1991-2020 (NCEI Accession 0253808), the station named for each country in the table (the same station its country page uses), mean daily maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation and number of days with at least 1 mm of precipitation, normals computed from at least 24 years. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. doi:10.25921/800j-vn07. Accessed 22 September 2026. Released by NOAA under CC0. Weather in Japan: 出典:気象庁ホームページ(過去の気象データ検索). Japan Meteorological Agency, 1991–2020 normals for the station named for each prefecture (the same station its prefecture page uses, where the page links the station's own table): daily maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation and days with at least 1.0 mm of precipitation (降水量の階級日数). Accessed 22 September 2026. Licensed under PDL1.0. 気象庁「平年値」を加工して作成 — edited by Gallivanting Gadabout (English wording, selection and rounding). Liechtenstein: Source: MeteoSwiss. Climate normals 1991–2020, station Vaduz: mean maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation total, days with at least 1 mm of precipitation and sunshine duration. Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, open data (opendata.swiss: Klimanormwerte). Accessed 23 September 2026. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. MeteoSwiss does not endorse this site or how the data is used here.
  5. Public holidays in Europe: each country's own law or official list, cited in full on its page: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Türkiye. We copied the dates from those pages.
  6. Holidays: 出典:「国民の祝日について」(内閣府)(https://www8.cao.go.jp/chosei/shukujitsu/gaiyou.html), with the holiday list 「昭和30年(1955年)から令和9年(2027年)国民の祝日」 (CSV). Cabinet Office, Government of Japan: national holidays and public holidays, 2025–2027. Accessed 22 September 2026. Licensed under the Public Data License 1.0 (PDL1.0). 「国民の祝日について」(内閣府)を加工して作成 — edited by Gallivanting Gadabout (English wording, weekdays and selection). Holiday names: 出典:日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム(法務省)(https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4846/tb). Ministry of Justice, Japan, Japanese Law Translation, Act on National Holidays (Act No. 178 of 1948, last version Act No. 57 of 2018), articles 2 and 3, English translation. Accessed 22 September 2026. Licensed under PDL1.0. The translation is not an official text; only the Japanese original has legal effect.
  7. Cherry blossom and autumn leaves: 出典:気象庁ホームページ(生物季節観測の情報): さくらの開花日・満開日 and 生物季節観測累年値ファイル (さくらの開花, さくらの満開, かえでの紅葉), 平年値 1991–2020. Japan Meteorological Agency. Accessed 22 September 2026. Licensed under PDL1.0. 「生物季節観測の情報」(気象庁)を加工して作成 — edited by Gallivanting Gadabout (English wording, date format and selection).
  8. Typhoons: 出典:気象庁ホームページ(台風の平年値), with the regions in 「気象庁が天気予報等で用いる予報用語」(地域名). Japan Meteorological Agency, typhoon approach and landfall normals, 1991–2020. Accessed 22 September 2026. Licensed under PDL1.0. 「台風の平年値」(気象庁)を加工して作成 — edited by Gallivanting Gadabout (English wording and selection).
  9. Sea temperature: NOAA Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (OISST) v2.1, 0.25° grid, monthly long-term mean 1991–2020 (file sst.mon.ltm.1991-2020.nc). Data provided by the NOAA/OAR/PSL, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at https://psl.noaa.gov/. Huang, B., C. Liu, V. Banzon, E. Freeman, G. Graham, B. Hankins, T. Smith and H.-M. Zhang (2021), Improvements of the Daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (DOISST) Version 2.1, Journal of Climate 34, 2923–2939, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0166.1. Dataset page. Accessed 24 September 2026. Public domain (NOAA PSL disclaimer). The choice of grid cell and the rounding are ours; these are not official NOAA figures, and NOAA does not endorse this site.

Modified data. The monthly shares, orderings and comparisons are our own calculations from Eurostat's counts and the Japan Tourism Agency's figures (「宿泊旅行統計調査」(観光庁)を加工して作成). Percentages are rounded to one decimal place. Neither body is responsible for these calculations or for how the figures are presented here.