Where to go in August? Quieter places in Europe and Japan

TL;DR

Of the 35 European countries we cover, August carried the smallest share of the year's 2025 tourist nights in Finland (10.1%), Malta (11.3%) and Lithuania (11.6%). It was not the quietest month in any of them. In Japan, it was the quietest in none of 47 prefectures. It was the busiest month in 24 European countries and 39 Japanese prefectures.

How we picked the quieter places

For each country and prefecture, we took its 2025 nights at tourist accommodation and worked out what share fell in August. If a place's visitors were spread evenly, each month would carry 8.3% of its year. A share below that means August was quieter than that place's average month; above it, busier.12

This compares each place with itself, not places with each other: a low share is a quiet month for that place. For how each year looks in full, open the country or prefecture page.

Europe in August: all 35 countries, quietest share first

In 0 of the 35 countries, August carried less than an average month's share (8.3%) of 2025's tourist nights.1

European countries by share of 2025 tourist nights in August
CountryShare of 2025 nights in AugustCompared with an average monthBusiest monthQuietest month
Finland
10.1%
AboveJulyApril
Malta
11.3%
AboveAugustJanuary
Lithuania
11.6%
AboveJulyJanuary
Serbia
12.0%
AboveAugustFebruary
Estonia
12.2%
AboveJulyJanuary
Germany
12.4%
AboveAugustJanuary
Switzerland
12.8%
AboveJulyNovember
Belgium
13.1%
AboveJulyJanuary
Austria
13.3%
AboveAugustNovember
Sweden
13.4%
AboveJulyJanuary
Norway
13.6%
AboveJulyJanuary
Liechtenstein
13.7%
AboveAugustNovember
Slovakia
13.8%
AboveAugustMarch
Czechia
13.9%
AboveAugustJanuary
Poland
13.9%
AboveAugustJanuary
Portugal
14.1%
AboveAugustJanuary
Latvia
14.2%
AboveJulyFebruary
Spain
14.6%
AboveAugustJanuary
Hungary
14.7%
AboveAugustJanuary
Denmark
14.9%
AboveJulyJanuary
Türkiye
15.1%
AboveAugustFebruary
Ireland
15.2%
AboveAugustJanuary
Netherlands
15.4%
AboveAugustFebruary
Cyprus
15.5%
AboveAugustJanuary
Luxembourg
15.5%
AboveJulyJanuary
Iceland
15.8%
AboveJulyDecember
Romania
17.2%
AboveAugustMarch
Italy
17.9%
AboveAugustNovember
Slovenia
18.7%
AboveAugustNovember
France
19.3%
AboveAugustNovember
Montenegro
20.5%
AboveAugustJanuary
Greece
21.7%
AboveAugustJanuary
Bulgaria
22.3%
AboveAugustNovember
Albania
23.4%
AboveAugustFebruary
Croatia
28.2%
AboveAugustJanuary

Where was August the quietest month of the year?

In 2025, August was not the quietest month in any of our 35 European countries or 47 Japanese prefectures.12

Where was August the busiest month?

In 2025, August was the busiest month in 24 European countries and 39 Japanese prefectures.12

  • Croatia (Europe): 28.2% of the year's nights
  • Bulgaria (Europe): 22.3% of the year's nights
  • Albania (Europe): 23.4% of the year's nights
  • Greece (Europe): 21.7% of the year's nights
  • Montenegro (Europe): 20.5% of the year's nights
  • France (Europe): 19.3% of the year's nights
  • Slovenia (Europe): 18.7% of the year's nights
  • Italy (Europe): 17.9% of the year's nights
  • Romania (Europe): 17.2% of the year's nights
  • Cyprus (Europe): 15.5% of the year's nights
  • Türkiye (Europe): 15.1% of the year's nights
  • Ireland (Europe): 15.2% of the year's nights
  • Hungary (Europe): 14.7% of the year's nights
  • Spain (Europe): 14.6% of the year's nights
  • Czechia (Europe): 13.9% of the year's nights
  • Netherlands (Europe): 15.4% of the year's nights
  • Poland (Europe): 13.9% of the year's nights
  • Portugal (Europe): 14.1% of the year's nights
  • Slovakia (Europe): 13.8% of the year's nights
  • Liechtenstein (Europe): 13.7% of the year's nights
  • Austria (Europe): 13.3% of the year's nights
  • Germany (Europe): 12.4% of the year's nights
  • Serbia (Europe): 12.0% of the year's nights
  • Malta (Europe): 11.3% of the year's nights
  • Yamanashi (Japan): 15.6% of the year's nights
  • Toyama (Japan): 13.1% of the year's nights
  • Fukui (Japan): 12.6% of the year's nights
  • Akita (Japan): 12.0% of the year's nights
  • Nagano (Japan): 12.8% of the year's nights
  • Shimane (Japan): 11.3% of the year's nights
  • Aomori (Japan): 11.5% of the year's nights
  • Kochi (Japan): 12.4% of the year's nights
  • Kagawa (Japan): 11.9% of the year's nights
  • Tochigi (Japan): 11.6% of the year's nights
  • Gunma (Japan): 11.7% of the year's nights
  • Mie (Japan): 11.1% of the year's nights
  • Yamagata (Japan): 11.3% of the year's nights
  • Tottori (Japan): 11.2% of the year's nights
  • Hokkaido (Japan): 10.8% of the year's nights
  • Shiga (Japan): 11.2% of the year's nights
  • Wakayama (Japan): 11.2% of the year's nights
  • Okinawa (Japan): 11.0% of the year's nights
  • Fukushima (Japan): 10.9% of the year's nights
  • Nagasaki (Japan): 10.5% of the year's nights
  • Shizuoka (Japan): 11.3% of the year's nights
  • Niigata (Japan): 11.5% of the year's nights
  • Iwate (Japan): 11.3% of the year's nights
  • Miyagi (Japan): 10.5% of the year's nights
  • Okayama (Japan): 10.5% of the year's nights
  • Miyazaki (Japan): 10.5% of the year's nights
  • Gifu (Japan): 10.8% of the year's nights
  • Tokushima (Japan): 10.7% of the year's nights
  • Hiroshima (Japan): 10.0% of the year's nights
  • Ibaraki (Japan): 10.8% of the year's nights
  • Kanagawa (Japan): 10.1% of the year's nights
  • Yamaguchi (Japan): 10.1% of the year's nights
  • Hyogo (Japan): 10.4% of the year's nights
  • Ehime (Japan): 9.7% of the year's nights
  • Chiba (Japan): 9.9% of the year's nights
  • Saga (Japan): 9.6% of the year's nights
  • Saitama (Japan): 9.8% of the year's nights
  • Aichi (Japan): 9.6% of the year's nights
  • Osaka (Japan): 9.4% of the year's nights

Japan in August: every prefecture

Japan's figures come from a sample survey, and the gaps between prefectures are often smaller than its sampling error, so we list the prefectures alphabetically rather than ranking them.3

Show all 47 prefectures' share of 2025 guest nights in August
Japanese prefectures, share of 2025 guest nights in August
PrefectureShare in AugustBusiest monthQuietest month
Aichi9.6%AugustFebruary
Akita12.0%AugustFebruary
Aomori11.5%AugustJanuary
Chiba9.9%AugustJune
Ehime9.7%AugustJune
Fukui12.6%AugustJanuary
Fukuoka9.0%OctoberJanuary
Fukushima10.9%AugustJanuary
Gifu10.8%AugustJune
Gunma11.7%AugustApril
Hiroshima10.0%AugustJanuary
Hokkaido10.8%AugustApril
Hyogo10.4%AugustFebruary
Ibaraki10.8%AugustJanuary
Ishikawa10.1%NovemberJanuary
Iwate11.3%AugustDecember
Kagawa11.9%AugustFebruary
Kagoshima9.6%NovemberJune
Kanagawa10.1%AugustFebruary
Kochi12.4%AugustJanuary
Kumamoto9.4%OctoberJune
Kyoto8.6%MayFebruary
Mie11.1%AugustFebruary
Miyagi10.5%AugustJanuary
Miyazaki10.5%AugustJune
Nagano12.8%AugustApril
Nagasaki10.5%AugustJanuary
Nara9.7%MayJanuary
Niigata11.5%AugustApril
Oita9.7%MarchJune
Okayama10.5%AugustJanuary
Okinawa11.0%AugustJanuary
Osaka9.4%AugustFebruary
Saga9.6%AugustFebruary
Saitama9.8%AugustFebruary
Shiga11.2%AugustFebruary
Shimane11.3%AugustFebruary
Shizuoka11.3%AugustJune
Tochigi11.6%AugustFebruary
Tokushima10.7%AugustJanuary
Tokyo8.5%DecemberFebruary
Tottori11.2%AugustFebruary
Toyama13.1%AugustJanuary
Wakayama11.2%AugustFebruary
Yamagata11.3%AugustApril
Yamaguchi10.1%AugustJanuary
Yamanashi15.6%AugustFebruary

What is the weather like in August?

Of the 28 European capitals we have weather for, Nicosia has the highest average high in August (37.4 °C) and Reykjavik the lowest (14.1 °C), averaged over 1991–2020.4 We do not yet publish weather for Albania, Greece, Denmark, Portugal, Switzerland, Lithuania and Malta.

Average weather in August at one station per European country, 1991 to 2020, warmest first
Station city (country)Average highAverage lowRainRainy days
Nicosia (Cyprus)37.4 °C22.5 °C1 mm1.0 days
Podgorica (Montenegro)34.5 °C21.8 °C54 mm4.1 days
Madrid (Spain)32.6 °C19.3 °C10 mm1.5 days
Rome (Italy)31.6 °C19.8 °C30 mm2.2 days
Ankara (Türkiye)31.0 °C17.4 °C14 mm3.1 days
Bucharest (Romania)30.6 °C15.2 °C49 mm5.2 days
Belgrade (Serbia)29.7 °C18.5 °C55 mm6.3 days
Budapest (Hungary)28.9 °C17.7 °C54 mm5.6 days
Sofia (Bulgaria)28.3 °C15.0 °C55 mm6.0 days
Zagreb (Croatia)28.1 °C16.0 °C86 mm7.0 days
Ljubljana (Slovenia)27.6 °C15.9 °C124 mm8.9 days
Bratislava (Slovakia)27.2 °C16.3 °C70 mm7.0 days
Vienna (Austria)26.1 °C15.6 °C69 mm7.9 days
Prague (Czechia)25.7 °C13.8 °C76 mm8.9 days
Paris (France)25.6 °C16.0 °C58 mm8.1 days
Warsaw (Poland)24.7 °C13.8 °C61 mm8.2 days
Berlin (Germany)24.6 °C13.6 °C62 mm12.8 days
Vaduz (Liechtenstein)24.3 °C14.6 °C159 mm13.6 days
Luxembourg (Luxembourg)23.5 °C13.6 °C72 mm9.2 days
Brussels (Belgium)23.0 °C13.9 °C86 mm10.3 days
Riga (Latvia)22.7 °C14.1 °C78 mm10.0 days
Amsterdam (Netherlands)22.4 °C13.4 °C99 mm11.6 days
Stockholm (Sweden)22.1 °C14.2 °C66 mm9.0 days
Oslo (Norway)21.3 °C12.5 °C103 mm11.0 days
Tallinn (Estonia)21.0 °C12.3 °C85 mm10.3 days
Helsinki (Finland)20.5 °C13.5 °C81 mm9.7 days
Dublin (Ireland)19.1 °C11.2 °C73 mm11.8 days
Reykjavik (Iceland)14.1 °C8.6 °C64 mm11.6 days
Show August weather for all 47 Japanese prefectures
Average weather in August at one station per Japanese prefecture, 1991 to 2020, warmest first
Prefecture (station)Average highAverage lowRainRainy days
Kyoto (Kyoto (京都))33.7 °C24.7 °C154 mm8.3 days
Osaka (Osaka (大阪))33.7 °C25.8 °C113 mm7.2 days
Nara (Nara (奈良))33.4 °C24.1 °C128 mm8.0 days
Gifu (Gifu (岐阜))33.4 °C24.6 °C170 mm9.5 days
Okayama (Okayama (岡山))33.3 °C24.6 °C97 mm6.7 days
Kumamoto (Kumamoto (熊本))33.3 °C24.8 °C195 mm10.2 days
Aichi (Nagoya (名古屋))33.2 °C24.7 °C140 mm8.5 days
Yamanashi (Kofu (甲府))33.0 °C23.3 °C133 mm9.1 days
Kagawa (Takamatsu (高松))33.0 °C25.1 °C106 mm7.0 days
Saga (Saga (佐賀))32.9 °C24.6 °C252 mm10.1 days
Hiroshima (Hiroshima (広島))32.8 °C25.1 °C131 mm7.6 days
Yamaguchi (Yamaguchi (山口))32.7 °C23.4 °C206 mm9.7 days
Kagoshima (Kagoshima (鹿児島))32.7 °C26.0 °C224 mm10.9 days
Tottori (Tottori (鳥取))32.6 °C23.3 °C129 mm9.2 days
Wakayama (Wakayama (和歌山))32.6 °C25.1 °C102 mm6.4 days
Ehime (Matsuyama (松山))32.6 °C24.6 °C99 mm7.0 days
Shiga (Otsu (大津))32.5 °C23.5 °C160 mm9.1 days
Fukuoka (Fukuoka (福岡))32.5 °C25.4 °C210 mm9.8 days
Tokushima (Tokushima (徳島))32.3 °C24.9 °C193 mm7.9 days
Fukui (Fukui (福井))32.2 °C23.7 °C151 mm9.1 days
Hyogo (Kobe (神戸))32.2 °C26.1 °C103 mm6.5 days
Oita (Oita (大分))32.2 °C24.3 °C166 mm9.2 days
Kochi (Kochi (高知))32.1 °C24.5 °C284 mm11.6 days
Nagasaki (Nagasaki (長崎))31.9 °C25.3 °C218 mm9.9 days
Okinawa (Naha (那覇))31.8 °C26.8 °C240 mm12.3 days
Saitama (Saitama (さいたま))31.8 °C23.2 °C164 mm8.8 days
Gunma (Maebashi (前橋))31.7 °C23.0 °C196 mm12.5 days
Shimane (Matsue (松江))31.6 °C23.8 °C130 mm9.6 days
Mie (Tsu (津))31.6 °C25.0 °C144 mm8.9 days
Miyazaki (Miyazaki (宮崎))31.6 °C24.5 °C276 mm12.3 days
Toyama (Toyama (富山))31.4 °C23.2 °C207 mm10.3 days
Ishikawa (Kanazawa (金沢))31.3 °C24.1 °C179 mm9.3 days
Shizuoka (Shizuoka (静岡))31.3 °C24.2 °C186 mm9.0 days
Tokyo (Tokyo (東京))31.3 °C23.5 °C155 mm7.9 days
Nagano (Nagano (長野))31.1 °C21.5 °C112 mm9.8 days
Kanagawa (Yokohama (横浜))31.0 °C24.3 °C139 mm7.5 days
Chiba (Chiba (千葉))31.0 °C24.3 °C116 mm7.7 days
Tochigi (Utsunomiya (宇都宮))30.9 °C22.5 °C198 mm11.9 days
Niigata (Niigata (新潟))30.8 °C23.3 °C163 mm10.0 days
Yamagata (Yamagata (山形))30.5 °C20.9 °C153 mm10.5 days
Fukushima (Fukushima (福島))30.5 °C21.9 °C151 mm11.0 days
Ibaraki (Mito (水戸))30.0 °C22.2 °C117 mm7.8 days
Akita (Akita (秋田))29.2 °C21.6 °C185 mm10.4 days
Iwate (Morioka (盛岡))28.4 °C19.8 °C185 mm11.2 days
Miyagi (Sendai (仙台))28.2 °C21.6 °C158 mm10.9 days
Aomori (Aomori (青森))27.8 °C20.0 °C142 mm9.6 days
Hokkaido (Sapporo (札幌))26.4 °C19.1 °C127 mm9.5 days

Thirty-year averages from one weather station per country or prefecture: the same station its page uses. They describe a typical year at that station, not a forecast, and weather varies within every country. A rainy day is one with at least 1 mm of rain.

How warm is the sea in August?

Average sea surface temperature in August, 1991–2020, at the open-sea point nearest each weather station, where there is one within 30 km: 8 European capitals and 29 Japanese prefectures. It is open sea, not a beach reading.9 Every month, and how we chose the points.

Average sea surface temperature in August near European capitals, 1991 to 2020, warmest first
Station city (country)Sea, August
Nicosia (Cyprus)28.4 °C
Rome (Italy)25.6 °C
Riga (Latvia)18.7 °C
Amsterdam (Netherlands)18.7 °C
Tallinn (Estonia)17.4 °C
Helsinki (Finland)17.2 °C
Dublin (Ireland)15.1 °C
Reykjavik (Iceland)11.4 °C
Show August sea temperatures for 29 Japanese prefectures
Average sea surface temperature in August near Japanese prefecture stations, 1991 to 2020, warmest first
Station city (prefecture)Sea, August
Naha (Okinawa)28.9 °C
Kagoshima (Kagoshima)28.2 °C
Miyazaki (Miyazaki)27.9 °C
Kochi (Kochi)27.7 °C
Nagasaki (Nagasaki)27.6 °C
Kumamoto (Kumamoto)27.4 °C
Tsu (Mie)27.4 °C
Saga (Saga)27.3 °C
Toyama (Toyama)26.9 °C
Fukui (Fukui)26.8 °C
Kobe (Hyogo)26.8 °C
Kanazawa (Ishikawa)26.8 °C
Osaka (Osaka)26.8 °C
Tokushima (Tokushima)26.8 °C
Tottori (Tottori)26.8 °C
Wakayama (Wakayama)26.8 °C
Fukuoka (Fukuoka)26.7 °C
Matsue (Shimane)26.7 °C
Shizuoka (Shizuoka)26.5 °C
Niigata (Niigata)26.3 °C
Oita (Oita)26.2 °C
Matsuyama (Ehime)26.1 °C
Chiba (Chiba)25.9 °C
Tokyo (Tokyo)25.9 °C
Yokohama (Kanagawa)25.8 °C
Akita (Akita)25.5 °C
Mito (Ibaraki)24.1 °C
Sendai (Miyagi)23.7 °C
Aomori (Aomori)22.6 °C

Which public holidays fall in August 2026 and 2027?

These are the national holiday lists we publish for 33 European countries and Japan, copied from each country's page. Regional holidays, such as those of Germany's states or Spain's regions, are on the country pages. Spain's 2027 list and some 2027 dates elsewhere are not published yet. What each list covers differs; see the notes for each country.56

August 2026

Public holidays in August 2026
DateHolidayWhere
Mon 3 AugustAugust bank holidayIreland
Wed 5 AugustVictory and Homeland Thanksgiving Day and Croatian Defenders' DayCroatia
Tue 11 AugustMountain DayJapan
Sat 15 August15 AugustPortugal
Sat 15 AugustAssumptionAustria, Belgium, Croatia, France, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Poland, Slovenia
Sat 15 AugustAssumption (Žolinė)Lithuania
Sat 15 AugustAsunción de la VirgenSpain
Sat 15 AugustDormition of the Mother of GodGreece, Romania
Sat 15 AugustFeast of the AssumptionMalta
Thu 20 August20 AugustHungary
Thu 20 AugustDay of Restoration of IndependenceEstonia
Sat 29 AugustSlovak National Uprising AnniversarySlovakia
Sun 30 AugustVictory DayTürkiye

August 2027

Public holidays in August 2027
DateHolidayWhere
Mon 2 AugustAugust bank holidayIreland
Thu 5 AugustVictory and Homeland Thanksgiving Day and Croatian Defenders' DayCroatia
Wed 11 AugustMountain DayJapan
Sun 15 August15 AugustPortugal
Sun 15 AugustAssumptionAustria, Belgium, Croatia, France, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Poland, Slovenia
Sun 15 AugustAssumption (Žolinė)Lithuania
Sun 15 AugustDormition of the Mother of GodGreece, Romania
Sun 15 AugustFeast of the AssumptionMalta
Fri 20 August20 AugustHungary
Fri 20 AugustDay of Restoration of IndependenceEstonia
Sun 29 AugustSlovak National Uprising AnniversarySlovakia
Mon 30 AugustVictory DayTürkiye

See every month in the holiday calendar, with school holidays too.

Blossom, autumn leaves and typhoons in Japan in August

Over 1991–2020, an average of 3.3 typhoons came within 300 km of a JMA weather station somewhere in Japan in August.8 Typhoons by region and month.

These are the Japan Meteorological Agency's 1991–2020 averages at one station per prefecture; each year's dates differ. See cherry blossom dates and autumn leaf dates for every prefecture.

What these figures cannot tell you

  • A share of each place's own year, not a crowd count. A low share means that month was quiet for that place. It does not mean the place had fewer visitors than somewhere else, and a small country's busy month can still be far quieter than a big country's quiet one.
  • Nights, not queues. A national or prefecture total cannot show crowding at one sight, beach or old town. Day trips do not count at all, because nobody stays the night.
  • One year. These are 2025 figures. Another year can differ, for example when Easter moves between March and April.
  • Japan's figures are a sample survey. The gaps between neighbouring prefectures are often smaller than the survey's sampling error, so we do not rank prefectures against each other.
  • No causes. Weather and holidays sit next to the tourism figures here, but the figures do not show that either makes a month busier or quieter, so we do not say they do.
  • We have not been to these places and make no judgement about which is better to visit.

Other months: January · February · March · April · May · June · July · September · October · November · December. Or open August in Explore.

Key takeaways

  • Lowest share of 2025 tourist nights in August, in Europe: Finland (10.1%), Malta (11.3%) and Lithuania (11.6%).
  • August was not the quietest month anywhere we cover.
  • August was the busiest month in 63 of them.
  • What we would skip: reading a low share as a promise of empty streets. It says August was quiet for that country or prefecture as a whole, not at any one sight.

Sources

The tourism figures come from Eurostat and the Japan Tourism Agency; the weather from the World Meteorological Organization's normals (via NOAA), MeteoSwiss and the Japan Meteorological Agency; blossom and typhoon averages from the Japan Meteorological Agency; and holidays from each country's law or official list. We copied every figure from the country and prefecture pages linked here. See how we research.

  1. Source: Eurostat, Nights spent at tourist accommodation establishments – monthly data, doi:10.2908/TOUR_OCC_NIM, accessed 25 September 2026. Dataset last updated by Eurostat on 22 September 2026. Extract: number of nights, NACE codes I55.1–I55.3, all guests and split by guests resident in the country and abroad, January–December 2025.
  2. Source: 「宿泊旅行統計調査」(観光庁) (Overnight Travel Statistics Survey, Japan Tourism Agency), 2025 annual figures (final), tables 2 and 8 and reference table 1, published 6 July 2026. Survey page · workbook. Accessed 17 September 2026. Licensed under the Public Data License 1.0 (PDL1.0).
  3. Japan Tourism Agency, survey outline (調査の概要), glossary (用語の解説) and standard error rates (参考1), on coverage, sampling, the definition of a foreign guest and the January 2026 change of method. Read them. Checked 17 September 2026.
  4. Weather: WMO Member Nations (2023). WMO Climatological Standard Normals for 1991-2020 (NCEI Accession 0253808), the station named for each country in the table (the same station its country page uses), mean daily maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation and number of days with at least 1 mm of precipitation, normals computed from at least 24 years. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. doi:10.25921/800j-vn07. Accessed 22 September 2026. Released by NOAA under CC0. Weather in Japan: 出典:気象庁ホームページ(過去の気象データ検索). Japan Meteorological Agency, 1991–2020 normals for the station named for each prefecture (the same station its prefecture page uses, where the page links the station's own table): daily maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation and days with at least 1.0 mm of precipitation (降水量の階級日数). Accessed 22 September 2026. Licensed under PDL1.0. 気象庁「平年値」を加工して作成 — edited by Gallivanting Gadabout (English wording, selection and rounding). Liechtenstein: Source: MeteoSwiss. Climate normals 1991–2020, station Vaduz: mean maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation total, days with at least 1 mm of precipitation and sunshine duration. Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, open data (opendata.swiss: Klimanormwerte). Accessed 23 September 2026. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. MeteoSwiss does not endorse this site or how the data is used here.
  5. Public holidays in Europe: each country's own law or official list, cited in full on its page: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Türkiye. We copied the dates from those pages.
  6. Holidays: 出典:「国民の祝日について」(内閣府)(https://www8.cao.go.jp/chosei/shukujitsu/gaiyou.html), with the holiday list 「昭和30年(1955年)から令和9年(2027年)国民の祝日」 (CSV). Cabinet Office, Government of Japan: national holidays and public holidays, 2025–2027. Accessed 22 September 2026. Licensed under the Public Data License 1.0 (PDL1.0). 「国民の祝日について」(内閣府)を加工して作成 — edited by Gallivanting Gadabout (English wording, weekdays and selection). Holiday names: 出典:日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム(法務省)(https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4846/tb). Ministry of Justice, Japan, Japanese Law Translation, Act on National Holidays (Act No. 178 of 1948, last version Act No. 57 of 2018), articles 2 and 3, English translation. Accessed 22 September 2026. Licensed under PDL1.0. The translation is not an official text; only the Japanese original has legal effect.
  7. Cherry blossom and autumn leaves: 出典:気象庁ホームページ(生物季節観測の情報): さくらの開花日・満開日 and 生物季節観測累年値ファイル (さくらの開花, さくらの満開, かえでの紅葉), 平年値 1991–2020. Japan Meteorological Agency. Accessed 22 September 2026. Licensed under PDL1.0. 「生物季節観測の情報」(気象庁)を加工して作成 — edited by Gallivanting Gadabout (English wording, date format and selection).
  8. Typhoons: 出典:気象庁ホームページ(台風の平年値), with the regions in 「気象庁が天気予報等で用いる予報用語」(地域名). Japan Meteorological Agency, typhoon approach and landfall normals, 1991–2020. Accessed 22 September 2026. Licensed under PDL1.0. 「台風の平年値」(気象庁)を加工して作成 — edited by Gallivanting Gadabout (English wording and selection).
  9. Sea temperature: NOAA Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (OISST) v2.1, 0.25° grid, monthly long-term mean 1991–2020 (file sst.mon.ltm.1991-2020.nc). Data provided by the NOAA/OAR/PSL, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at https://psl.noaa.gov/. Huang, B., C. Liu, V. Banzon, E. Freeman, G. Graham, B. Hankins, T. Smith and H.-M. Zhang (2021), Improvements of the Daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (DOISST) Version 2.1, Journal of Climate 34, 2923–2939, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0166.1. Dataset page. Accessed 24 September 2026. Public domain (NOAA PSL disclaimer). The choice of grid cell and the rounding are ours; these are not official NOAA figures, and NOAA does not endorse this site.

Modified data. The monthly shares, orderings and comparisons are our own calculations from Eurostat's counts and the Japan Tourism Agency's figures (「宿泊旅行統計調査」(観光庁)を加工して作成). Percentages are rounded to one decimal place. Neither body is responsible for these calculations or for how the figures are presented here.